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法 律 介 绍
知识产权(intellectual property)知识产权系指智力创造:发明、文学和艺术作品、和商业中使用的标志、名称、图像以及外观设计。
 
知识产权法intellectual property (IP) law涵盖了有关观念,发明,文学作品,独特名称,商业标志,工艺流程,计算机软件等内容的所有法案;一般可以分为专利法,版权法和商标法三大部分。制定知识产权法是为了通过授予创作者或发明者财产权,鼓励文学,艺术,科学及信息的发展。这些权利可以使创作者和发明者免受他人对其作品的侵权,无权使用或不当使用。
 
专利(patent
在美国,专利是由专利商标局授予发明人的一项财产权。专利授予发明人专有权,限制他人在一定时期内对发明进行无权使用。专利有效期一般为20年,自发明人在美国的申请日开始计算。一般,申请专利所需的时间很长——在申请得到最终批准前一般需要2-3年。
 
版权(copyright
版权是授予给作家,艺术家,作曲家以及出版人创作及发表作品的专有权,内容包括所有具有创作性的事物,例如文学作品(书籍,杂志),音乐作品,戏剧作品(电影,剧本,电视节目),绘画,书法,雕塑,视听作品,录音作品,建筑设计,电脑软件等。版权保护期为版权所有人终生加身后70年。
 
商标(trademark
商标包括任何文字、名称、标志或上述各项的组合,用于保护商家的与其产品和服务相关的标志性信息,防止竞争对手使用此类信息。商标可以是有特色的文字,短语,标识,标志,标语或其他能够使本产品与其他产品区别开来的东西。商标的保护期为20年,可以无限制重新申请。
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